Duckpond Trees

Common name

Live oak / Roble

Scientific name

Quercus virginiana

Location

City Hall / Thomas Center Gardens

Description

The southern live oak is undoubtedly a picturesque symbol of the South. Often seen with Spanish moss tastefully draped throughout its wide canopy and sprawling branches, this tree is found in the southeastern coastal plain, west from Texas and east up to Virginia.

Historically vital for shipbuilding due to its hardy, heavy wood, present anthropogenic use is limited to ornamental plantings, reforestation, barrels, and small boats. A number of Native American tribes were known to use live oak acorns for food and its preparation—roasting them, extracting oil out of them, or processing them into a flour. 

Ecologically, this tree serves as a host plant for a multitude of native moth and butterfly larvae throughout its range. While predatory spiders and birds forage for insects on the leaves and in the Spanish moss, rabbits and deer feed on the leaves, twigs, and new shoots. Acorns are indisputably the most important wildlife resource that the southern live oak produces. An abundance of vertebrate wildlife rely on acorns as a crucial aspect of their diets. Birds, squirrels, deer, and foxes represent just a few of the native animals at least somewhat dependent on live oak acorns for survival.

The Florida Champion live oak is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 300 to 500 years

Height: 60 to 80 feet

Canopy spread: 60 to 120 feet

Bark: Reddish-brown and lightly furrowed when young, becoming darker brown/gray, corky, and deeply fissured with age.

Twig: Thin and gray with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: Elliptic/oval/linear-shaped leaves with entire/revolute margins, glossy dark green above and soft scattered gray hairs underneath; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Although appearing to be evergreen at first glance, this tree is tardily deciduous, with old leaves dropping in late winter as the new leaves emerge.

Flowers: Drooping, yellow-green catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Dark brown, hard acorns with a bowl-shaped cap.

References & for more information

• https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST564

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-virginiana/

• https://si.gardenexplorer.org/taxon-35637.aspx#:~:text=Many%20Native%20American%20tribes%20used%20the%20live,**Small%20boats**%20*%20**Reforestation**%20*%20**Ornamental%20beauty

• https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/UW292

Common name

Laurel oak / Roble laurel

Scientific name

Quercus hemisphaerica

Location

NE 4th Ave & NE 4th Ter

Description

A common sight while traversing southern neighborhoods and cities, laurel oak is found across the southeastern coastal plain and piedmont regions, from Virginia down to Florida and west to the Gulf Coast of Texas. While laurel oaks were once considered a go-to street tree due to their fast-growing nature and ability to provide shade, urban plantings are declining. This tree’s relatively short life span and intolerance to disease and rot make it a less than ideal candidate for ornamental use.

Naturally, laurel oak occurs in areas with dry, sandy soils such as sandhills, dunes, and dry hammocks. Laurel oak is considered a pioneer species and will readily colonize disturbed and fire-suppressed sites. Like other oaks, this tree serves as a host plant for a number of native moths and butterflies. In terms of wildlife value, laurel oak acorns supply deer, turkey, quail, raccoons, squirrels, and more as a plentiful food source during the winter months.

Although not agreed on by all taxonomists, it is widely thought that there are two species of laurel oak in Florida: Quercus hemisphaerica and Quercus laurifolia. Q. hemisphaerica occurs in upland sites, while Q. laurifolia appears in lower, wetter areas.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 70 to 90 years

Height: Up to 100 feet

Bark: Smooth and gray when young, becoming darker and fissured with age.

Twig: Thin and gray with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: Elliptic/oval/linear-shaped leaves with entire/revolute margins; glossy dark green above and bright green beneath; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Semi-evergreen/tardily deciduous; old leaves drop in early spring as the new leaves emerge.

Flowers: Drooping, greenish catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Dark brown, hard acorns with a gray bowl-shaped cap.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-hemisphaerica/

• https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/quespp1/all.html#:~:text=WOOD%20PRODUCTS%20VALUE%20:%20Although%20swamp,as%20an%20ornamental%20%5B27%5D

• https://www.fnps.org/plant/quercus-hemispherica#gsc.tab=0

Common name

Water oak

Scientific name

Quercus nigra

Location

NE 4th Ave & (West of) NE Blvd

Description

Distinguished by its spoon-shaped (spatulate) leaves and abundance in urban areas, the water oak can be found in all of the eastern coastal states from New Jersey to Texas and inland to southern Missouri. Water oaks were once considered a great tree to plant in developing cities because of their large, shade-providing crowns and fast-growing nature. Similarly to the laurel oak, this tree’s relatively short life span and intolerance to disease and rot make it a less-than-ideal candidate for present-day ornamental use.

Water oak occurs naturally in floodplains, bottomland forests, slope forests, and along rivers and streams. Like other oaks, this tree serves as a host plant for a number of native moths and butterflies. In terms of wildlife value, water oak acorns supply deer, turkey, quail, raccoons, squirrels, and more as a plentiful food source during the winter months.

The Florida Champion water oak is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 50+ years

Height: 50 to 80 feet

Bark: Smooth and brown when young; dark, gray, and rough at maturity.

Twig: Thin and gray with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: Lots of variation in leaf shape; typically seen with spatulate/obovate-shaped leaves with entire margins; glossy dark green above and pale beneath with hairs situated in the vein axils; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Semi-evergreen/tardily deciduous; old leaves drop in early spring as the new leaves emerge.

Flowers: Drooping, green, or yellow catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Dark brown/black acorns with a gray bowl-shaped cap.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-nigra/

• https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST553

Common name

Shumard oak / Roble shumard

Scientific name

Quercus shumardii

Location

NE 6th Ave & NE 4th St

Description

Shumard oak is found across the central and southeastern U.S. as well as eastern Canada. It naturally occurs in bottomlands and along streams but is commonly seen planted in parking lot islands and residential areas.

This species is a great choice for urban settings. A relatively fast grower, it forms a round, spreading canopy at maturity, making it a perfect shade tree. It is tolerant to drought and air pollution and resistant to pests and diseases. Perhaps the most appealing feature of the Shumard oak is its stunning fall foliage. A stark contrast from its usual dark green leaves, vibrant orange and red leaves debut throughout the fall and winter before the brand new leaves appear in the spring. Similarly to other native oak species, the Shumard oak serves as a host plant for a number of native moths and butterflies. Additionally, this species supports wildlife by providing habitat and a plentiful food source of extra-large acorns.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years

Height: 55 to 80 feet

Bark: Smooth and grayish when young, becoming darker and deeply furrowed with age.

Twig: Thin and gray with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: Lots of variation in leaf shape; typically seen with elliptic/obovate/ovate-shaped leaves with 2-4 pairs of lobes and bristled tips; glossy dark green above and pale beneath with tufts of hair scattered in vein axils; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: tardily deciduous; old leaves typically drop in the late fall, sometimes holding onto leaves until early spring.

Flowers: Drooping, green, or yellow catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Brown acorns with a gray bowl-shaped cap.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-shumardii/

• https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST561

• https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/trees-and-shrubs/trees/shumard-oak/

• https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/queshu/all.html

Common name

Swamp chestnut oak / Roble castaño de pantano

Scientific name

Quercus michauxii

Location

NE 3rd St & NE 4th Ave

Description

A handsome adornment of bottomlands, mixed hardwood forests, and stream banks, the swamp chestnut oak is found across the eastern U.S. and Mississippi River valley. With ample space, this species can make a great shade tree in urban areas due to its adaptable nature. 

Also referred to as “basket oak,” the wood was historically used for weaving baskets. Additionally, the strong wood makes it an excellent choice for flooring, fence posts, furniture, and general construction. Like other southeastern oaks, swamp chestnut oak serves as a host plant for a multitude of butterfly and moth species. The acorns of this species have a low tannic acid content making them especially preferred by wildlife. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100 to 200+ years

Height: 48 to 100 feet

Bark: Light gray and flaky

Twig: Thin and gray with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: Obovately shaped leaves with crenate margins; glossy dark green above and pale beneath with a dense, felty pubescence; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Semi-evergreen/tardily deciduous; old leaves drop in early spring as the new leaves emerge.

Flowers: Drooping, green, or yellow catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Large brown acorns with a gray bowl-shaped cap.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-michauxii/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/quercus/michauxii.htm

• https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=qumi

Common name

Southern red oak / Roble rojo del sur

Scientific name

Quercus falcata

Location

Roper Park (Center)

Description

Southern red oak is a common oak found naturally in poor upland moist soils across the central and eastern U.S. This species is a popular choice for use as a street tree due to its drought tolerance, shade-providing canopy, and tall, straight trunk. It should be noted that this tree is not as wind resistant as some other large southern oaks that are commonly used as street trees. Historical uses include general construction, furniture, timber, fuel, and food. 

Along with the other southern oak species, this tree has immense value to wildlife. The acorns support a variety of birds and small mammals with a steady food source during the winter. In addition, southern red oak is a host plant for a variety of native moths and butterflies. 

The Florida Champion southern red oak is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100 to 200+ years

Height: 60 to 100 feet

Bark: Dark gray to black and deeply ridged.

Twig: Thin and gray with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: Elliptical/obovate/ovate-shaped leaves with lobed margins and a U-shaped base; glossy dark green above and pale beneath with a scattered rusty pubescence; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Semi-evergreen/tardily deciduous; old leaves drop in early spring as the new leaves emerge.

Flowers: Drooping, green, or yellow catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Brown ovate acorns with a gray bowl-shaped cap.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-falcata/

• https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST546

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/quercus/falcata.htm

Common name

White oak / Roble blanco

Scientific name

Quercus alba

Location

Roper Park (West)

Description

“If oak is the king of trees… then the white oak, throughout its range, is the king of kings.” - Donald Peattie, renowned American botanist and nature author.

A mature white oak is truly a sight to behold. The light gray, scaly bark and tall, thick trunk stand out from all other trees, especially in the winter. White oak occurs throughout the eastern U.S. and Mississippi River valley in forested ravines, valleys, and dry slopes. Although not found naturally in Alachua County, a short trip up to the northernmost parts of the state can provide some majestic specimens.

White oak is an excellent choice for an ornamental tree, as long as it is given enough room to grow and plenty of sunlight. Despite its slow-growing nature, the species is long-lived and can provide generations of both wildlife and humans with immense value. For humans, the white oak is the most important lumber species out of the entire white oak group. While the wood was historically vital for shipbuilding, it is still used today for whiskey barrels, veneer, furniture, flooring, and more. Wildlife such as birds and small mammals rely on young twigs, foliage, and acorns for survival. Like other Quercus species (oaks), white oak serves as a host plant for a multitude of native butterflies and moths. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years

Height: 60 to 100+ feet

Bark: Light gray/whitish and scaly with vertical blocks/plates; the occurrence of scales and smooth patches can increase with age.

Twig: Thin and reddish-brown with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks).

Foliage: The leaf shape is variable but typically seen as obovate, elliptical, or oblong; the color is a vibrant green and whitish or glaucous underneath; lobing is significant with 5 to 9 deep, finger-shaped rounded lobes per leaf; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous; most leaves drop in the fall, with some persisting throughout winter.

Flowers: Drooping, greenish catkins (male) and nondescript green to reddish spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Light brown, hard acorns with a tan/gray bowl-shaped and lumpy cap

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-alba/

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST541

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/quercus/alba.htm

• https://forestry.mgcafe.uky.edu/sites/forestry.ca.uky.edu/files/for147_landowners_guide_to_-_understanding_the_importance_of_white_oak.pdf

Common name

Bluff oak

Scientific name

Quercus austrina

Location

Roper Park (South)

Description

Bluff oak is a small to medium-sized oak tree endemic to the southeastern coastal plain of the U.S.. This tree is sometimes misidentified due to its similarity in appearance to white oak, Quercus alba. Distribution is sporadic and limited to hardwood hammocks, bottomlands, and sites along river bluffs. 

Bluff oak is considered endangered in some regions and has not had much conservation work and/or research dedicated to it. It would be a great urban tree, but it is not widely available in nurseries. Along with other oaks, bluff oak serves as a host species for a wide variety of moths and butterflies. The acorns are an important source of food for squirrels and other mammals.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years.

Height: 40 to 60 feet

Bark: Pale gray, scaly, and broadly ridged.

Twig: Dark brown with a cluster of buds at the end, the latter being a defining characteristic of Quercus species (oaks). Uniquely, the buds are pubescent, and prominent corky lenticels are present.

Foliage: Leaf shape is elliptic or obovate with a green, shiny top and pale green underneath; lobing is rounded, irregular, and shallow—esp. when compared to the deep lobes on white oak, Quercus alba; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous; leaves drop in the fall.

Flowers: Drooping, yellowish-brown catkins (male) and nondescript spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Small brown acorns with a gray and scaly bowl-shaped cap

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-austrina/

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST542

• https://mortonarb.org/app/uploads/2021/08/species-profile-quercus-austrina.pdf

• https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.160238/Quercus_austrina

Common name

Winged elm

Scientific name

Ulmus alata

Location

NE Blvd & 9th Ave

Description

Native to central and eastern North America, winged elm is highly adaptable and grows well in both wet and dry sites. This species is quickly identifiable by the corky, wing-like appendages that protrude from the twig. 

While it initially can take some work to maintain, winged elm can be a good tree to plant in yards and urban spaces. Proper pruning is essential at a young age for the prevention of multiple trunks forming. It should be noted that it is generally not recommended to plant more than a few in the same area, as this species is particularly susceptible to Dutch elm disease, a fatal fungal disease that has wiped out millions of elm trees in North America. 

Winged elm serves as a larval host for the Question Mark butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis) and supports a variety of birds and small mammals as a nesting site and food source. Native Americans were known to use the inner bark to create medicinal tea that eased childbirth and digestive issues. Bark fibers have been used to weave baskets, while crates and furniture could be produced from the heavy wood. 

The Florida Champion winged elm is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years

Height: 40 to 70 feet

Bark: Red-brown to ashy gray; shallowly fissured

Twig: Thin and red-brown or gray; usually, but not always, an irregular wing-like corky growth is present on opposite sides of the twig, hence the name winged elm. 

Foliage: Rough and dark green above with pubescence occurring in the leaf axils on the underside; margins are commonly doubly serrate, and leaf bases are asymmetrical; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Appear in clusters; inconspicuous and reddish-green

Fruits: Small brown/green samara with a light-colored fuzz around the margins

References & for more information

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST648

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-alata/

• https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ulal

Common name

Drake elm / Olmo chino

Scientific name

Ulmus parvifolia

Location

NE 4th St & NE 4th Ave

Description

Drake elm is a nonnative species of elm that naturally occurs in China, Korea, and Japan. It is a popular choice for landscaping use in the U.S. due to its heat tolerance and resistance to Dutch elm disease, a fatal fungal disease that has wiped out millions of native elm species across North America. While seedlings can become weedy in some situations, this nonnative species is generally not ecologically harmful. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 50 to 100 years

Height: 30 to 60 feet

Bark: Could be a variety of colors—gray, olive green, orange, and/or brown; the texture is lacy, exfoliating, and flaky.

Foliage: Glossy and dark green above with pubescence occurring in the leaf axils on the underside; margins are finely serrated, and leaf bases are asymmetrical; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Appear in clusters; inconspicuous and reddish-green

Fruits: Small reddish-brown/green samara

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-parvifolia/

• https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.cfm?sub=6567

• https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/ulmparb.pdf

Common name

Eastern red cedar / Cedro rojo oriental

Scientific name

Juniperus virginiana

Location

City Hall

Description

The eastern red cedar is a hardy, dependable tree that is found in 37 states across the central and eastern U.S. It is a habitat generalist and occurs in a variety of different sites and conditions. In coastal areas, this species can appear shrubby and crooked, while in upland forests with more mesic soils, it can have a tall, pyramidal form. 

The use of eastern red cedar by Indigenous peoples is immense. Many communities utilized the berries and foliage for the treatment of sickness and wound infections. Recipes for a caffeine-free, unique tea made from the smashed berries can be found online and in edible wild plant guides. The heartwood of the tree is pleasantly aromatic and has many uses due to its beautiful orange color and rot-resistant nature. Fenceposts, cabinetry, and furniture are all still made from cedar wood today, but were popularized by Native American use. 

In the south, eastern red cedar is commonly seen as a divider along fence lines and a fun native Christmas tree. Although ornamental use is somewhat uncommon, this species has all of the qualities that make it a great tree for urban spaces. It is tolerant to extreme weather, salt, shade, and physical disturbance in addition to providing a variety of resources for wildlife. The cedar waxwing, a songbird, is named for the tree because of its affinity for the ripe berries. Both the juniper hairstreak (Callophrys gryneus) and imperial moth (Eacles imperialis) utilize the tree as a host plant. Deer browse on the young twigs and foliage, while small mammals eat the berries.

It should be noted that the eastern red cedar is dioecious. This means that there are separate male and female trees. Female trees are the ones that produce the classic blue “berries”, which are technically not berries at all—they are seed cones.

Both a Florida Champion and National Champion red cedar are located on private lands in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Typically 100 to 300 years; up to 600+ years

Height: Typically 20 to 45 feet; up to 90 feet

Bark: Reddish-brown to gray; peels into long and shreddy strips.

Twig: Reddish-brown to gray; scaly and aromatic when crushed.

Foliage: Aromatic and blue-green to brown needle-like (awl) or scale-like leaves; composed simply and arranged in an opposite and/or whorled pattern.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Cones: Male cones are yellowish-brown and release pollen; female cones resemble a berry and are blue, fleshy, and glaucous.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/juniperus-virginiana/

• https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=juvi

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST331

• https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/main.php?pg=show-taxon.php&plantname=juniperus+virginiana

• https://www.adkinsarboretum.org/programs_events/ipp/eastern-red-cedar.html#:~:text=Eastern%20red%20cedar%20(Juniperus%20virginiana)%20is%20a,leaves%2C%20bark%2C%20and%20twigs%20contain%20analgesic%20flavonoids.

Common name

Southern magnolia / Magnolia del sur

Scientific name

Magnolia grandiflora

Location

Roper Park (Center)

Description

Elegant and full of class, the southern magnolia is a classic adornment of Southern lawns. This tree has a big personality—made obvious by the giant, fragrant white flowers and eye-catching, felty orange undersides of the leaves. Although slow-growing, southern magnolias can reach a hefty size and become a statement piece in the landscape. 

Native to the Southeastern U.S., the southern magnolia is adaptable and can be cultivated across the world. It is found naturally in a variety of habitats, ranging from ravines and floodplains to sandhills and coastal dunes. The lustrous, evergreen foliage provides a safe haven for wildlife during the winter, while the red berries serve as a food source for birds and small mammals.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 80 to 120+ years

Height: 60 to 80+ feet

Bark: Brown to gray; smooth when young, forming scaly plates as it ages

Twig: Brownish-green with stipular scar completely encircling.

Foliage: Leathery dark green above and typically seen with a rusty orange pubescence underneath, although it is not always present; elliptic or ovate in shape; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Flowers: Fragrant and large saucer-shaped creamy white flowers that bloom in late spring and throughout the summer

Fruits: Technically described as an aggregate of follicles, the flowers produce a spherical, cone-like fruit that releases small individual seeds. The fruiting cluster is a copper brown, while the seeds are bright red.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/magnolia-grandiflora/

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST371

Common name

Spruce pine / Pino abeto

Scientific name

Pinus glabra

Location

NE 4th Ave & NE 5th St

Description

Spruce pine is a unique species of pine that is endemic to a band across the South that stretches from coastal South Carolina to eastern Louisiana. Differing from many other pines, it tends to grow in mixed hardwood forests instead of mostly monotypic stands of pine. Spruce pine is highly shade tolerant and can survive in the understory for many years before it is given the opportunity to shoot up above the thick canopies of magnolia, hickory, and beech it is typically found growing near. 

The preferred habitat of the spruce pine is not the only feature that makes this tree special. The bark on mature specimens closely resembles the bark of an oak or a spruce. It can be a surprise when walking through the forest, looking up into the canopy, and realizing the oak you were admiring is actually a pine!

The wood of this pine is brittle, especially compared to other southern pines, so it is not an important species in the timber market. Despite this, the Cherokee people, and presumably other native tribes, utilized almost every part of this plant for medicinal purposes. 

There are many near-Champion spruce pines in and around San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: up to 100 years

Height: Typically 40 to 60 feet; up to 100 ft

Bark: Very unique for a southern pine, appearing similar to a spruce or an oak; smooth, lightly fissured, and greyish-brown when young, becoming darker gray and more scaly with age.

Twig: thin, smooth, and purplish-red to reddish-brown

Foliage: Linear, dark green needles in bundles of 2 per fascicle; measure approx. 3 to 6 inches in length; arranged alternately along the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Cones: Brown seed cones (pinecones; female) are 2.5 to 5 inches long and present in the upper crown, while purplish-brown pollen cones (male) appear lower in the crown.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pinus-glabra/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_1/pinus/glabra.htm

• https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_glabra.php

Common name

Loblolly pine / Pino taeda

Scientific name

Pinus taeda

Location

NE 5th Ter & NE 9th Ave & Tom Petty Park

Description

Among the most commercially important pine species in the world, loblolly pine is widely distributed across the Southeastern U.S. and farmed across the globe. Loblolly pine is a fast-grower (the speediest of all pines) and can reach up to 3 feet in diameter. It is used in general construction and is a primary species in paper pulp and plywood production. 

Harvests by American colonists for shipbuilding left the loblolly pine population decimated, with only 5% of the original southern pine landscape remaining in 1927. Since then, science-based forestry has taken precedence, and silviculture has evolved to support higher regeneration and production. In recent years, some timber managers have started to move away from the classic southern “pines and lines” forestry and towards tree farming practices that support biodiversity, game production, and ecosystem services. This approach typically favors the production of longleaf pine rather than loblolly. That being said, the commercial value of loblolly pine continues to increase every year; only time can tell the future of southern forestry.

In its native range, loblolly pine occurs in wetter areas, like swamps and bottomlands, but can spread into many habitat types. It is common for ornamental use across the Southeast and can grow rapidly into a size that is suitable for shade and use by wildlife. As a whole, the tree is great habitat for a variety of critters, while the seeds provide an assortment of songbirds, small mammals, and game species with a source of food.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Up to 200 years

Height: 60 to 100+ feet

Bark: Thin, moderately scaly, orangish-red when young; darker and irregularly rectangular scaly plates when mature.

Twig: Thin, scaly, and gray to reddish-brown

Foliage: Linear, green needles in bundles of 3 per fascicle; measure approx. 6 to 10 inches in length; arranged alternately along the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Cones: Brown seed cones (pinecones; female) are 3 to 6 inches long and usually present in pairs in the upper crown; purplish-brown pollen cones (male) appear lower in the crown.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pinus-taeda/

• https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_taeda.php

Common name

Longleaf pine / Pino de hoja larga

Scientific name

Pinus palustris

Location

Tom Petty Park

Description

In a not-so-distant past, longleaf pine dominated the South. From Virginia down to Florida and west to Texas, an estimated 90 million acres of longleaf pine forest once covered the landscape. A longleaf pine forest is a truly magical place, and it did not take long for settlers to discover this. It took a little longer for them to discover that not all magical things are infinite. By the 1990s, under 3 million acres of longleaf woodlands remained. With the loss of the pine came the loss of the indigo snakes, Bachmann’s sparrows, flatwoods salamanders, red-cockaded woodpeckers, wiregrass, and more, all dependent on an environment that only the longleaf could facilitate. 

Once limitless forests were reduced to dirt; colonization took precedence in the New World. Towering pines were cut to make lumber. Some for export, but most for constructing homes, fence posts, and outbuildings. Longleaf pine heartwood—the central, oldest section of the tree trunk—has an incredible resistance to decay, which made it the choicest lumber available. Bigger, older trees were targeted in order to maximize potential heartwood. Today, we are left with a few thousand acres of virgin, old-growth longleaf.

The naval stores industry served as another major player in the pine’s downfall. Naval stores refer to the products derived from pine resin, like turpentine, tar, pine oil, and pitch, that are used to build and maintain ships. This industry was one of the largest economic drivers in the South for many years and relied heavily on slave labor. 

Morningside Nature Center, located in southeast Gainesville, is a wonderful place to experience a healthy longleaf pine ecosystem. The park features the largest longleaf pine savanna within city limits and can be seen decorated with wildflowers in the summer and fall. The landscape is managed with fire, which is an essential component of life for the flora and fauna that persist in the ecosystem. When the city bought the land, it had sat untouched for years after being used for turpentine production in the early to mid 1900s. Throughout the park, large pines bear scars called “catfaces,” which formed as a result of cuts that were made into trees for resin collection. 

An endearing symbol of resilience and heritage, the longleaf pine remains economically and ecologically valuable across the Southeast. Restoration efforts are strong, and longleaf acreage is added each year. As of 2025, there are about 5 million acres of longleaf forest.

The Florida Co-Champion longleaf pine is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 250 to 400+ years

Height: 60 to 120 feet

Bark: Prominent, rectangular, scaly plates; reddish-brown to dark brown in color.

Twig: Distinctively stout (thumb-width), brown, and rough

Foliage: Linear, bright green needles in bundles of 3 per fascicle; measure approx. 6 to 12+ inches in length; arranged alternately along the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Cones: Dark brown seed cones (pinecones; female) are 6 to 15 inches long; male pollen cones are small and purplish-blue.

References & for more information

• https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_palustris.php

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pinus-palustris/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs240.pdf

• https://www.fdacs.gov/Forest-Wildfire/Our-Forests/The-Florida-Longleaf-Pine-Ecosystem-Geodatabase

Common name

Slash pine / Pino elliottii

Scientific name

Pinus elliottii

Location

NE 9th St & NE Blvd

Description

Slash pine is native to the southeastern coastal plain and extends from North Carolina to Florida and west to Texas. Like the other pines that grow in this area, slash pine is an important timber species. 

In its native range, slash pine occurs in a variety of areas but prefers sites with infertile soils. Wet flatwoods, sandhills, and swamp edges are all common places to see a slash pine growing naturally. It is used ornamentally across the Southeast and is able to grow rapidly into a size that is suitable for shade and use by wildlife. Slash pine provides ideal habitat for a variety of critters, and its seeds feed an assortment of songbirds, small mammals, and game species. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Up to 200 years

Height: Up to 100 feet

Bark: Moderately scaly and orangish-red when young; darker colored with irregularly rectangular scaly plates when mature.

Twig: Stout, brown, and rough/scaly

Foliage: Linear, bright green needles in bundles of 2 to 3 per fascicle; measure approx. 6 to 12+ inches in length; arranged alternately along the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Cones: Glossy reddish-brown seed cones (pinecones; female) are 3 to 6 inches long; male pollen cones are small and red to purple in color.

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pinus-elliottii/

• https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_elliottii.php

Common name

Bald cypress / Ciprés calvo

Scientific name

Taxodium distichum

Location

NE Blvd & NE 5th St

Description

Cypress trees are an icon of the Deep South. With a range that stretches from eastern Texas and the lower Mississippi River Valley and follows the coast up to Maryland, bald cypress is found naturally in/along bayous, swamps, and rivers. It is one of the longest-lived trees in the world—each tree is living history. 

Cypress has been a valuable timber tree for thousands of years. Native Americans used the rot-resistant wood to carve canoes and build houses. Rope and string were made out of the bark. From the early 1700s until the late 1900s, large cypress trees were logged across the southeast for lumber. Despite this, there are quite a few old-growth cypress stands still persisting throughout its range. 

This tree is tolerant to urban use and can be a beautiful addition to the landscape. Ornamentally, cypress can thrive on both wet and dry sites. A variety of critters utilize all parts of the tree for cover and food. 

Bald cypress and pond cypress are very closely related, and it can be a challenge to differentiate the two. There are two main differences that can aid in identification: habitat and foliage. While these trees can very often be found growing side-by-side, bald cypress thrives in flowing water systems, and pond cypress prefers still water ponds. When it comes to the foliage, a distinction can be made between the shape and form of the needles. On pond cypress, the needles spiral around the twig and scale upwards while the needles lay flat and are feather-like on bald cypress. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Up to 1,000s of years

Height: 50 to 70 feet

Bark: Shreddy and reddish-brown to dark gray; light brown when young. Trunks are buttressed (flared) at the base and typically surrounded by knees (root growths).

Foliage: Lays flat to the twig; light green to bluish-green in color with a feathery appearance; arranged alternately and spiraling around the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Cones: The round female seed cones have wrinkly, thick scales and are purplish-green to brown in color; male pollen cones are brown and appear in long, pendulous clusters.

References & for more information

• https://www.conifers.org/cu/Taxodium_distichum.php

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/taxodium-distichum/

Common name

Pond cypress / Ciprés de los pantanos

Scientific name

Taxodium ascendens

Location

Duck Pond Island

Description

Cypress trees are an icon of the Deep South. With a range that stretches from Louisiana and follows the coast up to Virginia, pond cypress is found naturally along bayous, swamps, and rivers. It is one of the longest-lived trees in the world—each tree is living history. 

Cypress has been a valuable timber tree for thousands of years. Native Americans used the rot-resistant wood to carve canoes and build houses. Rope and string were made out of the bark. From the early 1700s until the late 1900s, large cypress trees were logged across the southeast for lumber. Despite this, there are quite a few old-growth cypress stands still persisting throughout its range. 

This tree is tolerant to urban use and can be a beautiful addition to the landscape. Ornamentally, cypress can thrive on both wet and dry sites. A variety of critters utilize all parts of the tree for cover and food. 

Bald cypress and pond cypress are very closely related, and it can be a challenge to differentiate the two. There are two main differences that can aid in identification: habitat and foliage. While these trees can very often be found growing side-by-side, bald cypress thrives in flowing water systems, and pond cypress prefers still water ponds. When it comes to the foliage, a distinction can be made between the shape and form of the needles. On pond cypress, the needles spiral around the twig and scale upwards while the needles lay flat and are feather-like on bald cypress. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Up to 1,000s of years

Height: 70 to 90 feet

Bark: Shreddy and reddish-brown to dark gray; light brown when young. Trunks are buttressed (flared) at the base and typically surrounded by knees (root growths).

Foliage: Ascends upwards from the twig; light green to bluish-green in color with a feathery appearance; arranged alternately and spiraling around the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Cones: The round female seed cones have wrinkly, thick scales and are purplish-green to brown in color; male pollen cones are brown and appear in long, pendulous clusters.

References & for more information

• https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/taxspp/all.html

• https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=taas

Common name

Chinese sweetgum / Liquidámbar asiático

Scientific name

Liquidambar formosana

Location

NE 5th Ter & NE Blvd

Description

Chinese sweetgum is a medium-sized tree native to Taiwan and Southern China. It is ornamentally used throughout the Southern U.S. in lawns and neighborhoods. Bonsai is also a common use of the species. It is drought-resistant but prefers moist soils. When planted in an urban setting, it is important that it is kept away from roads and sidewalks, as the roots are aggressive and can uplift pavement. The fruits attract some species of songbirds.

Physical Characteristics

Height: 40 to 60 feet

Bark: Dark brown to light gray in color; narrow ridges form with age

Twig: Brown to gray and sometimes covered in corky outgrowths

Foliage: Light green leaves with serrate margins and 3 pointed lobes; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Inconspicuous green catkins

Fruits: Colloquially referred to as “gumballs”; dark brown and spherical with spiky protrusions; softer (and less painful) than the fruits of our native sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua.

References & for more information

• https://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/LIQFORA.pdf

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/liquidambar-formosana/

Common name

Blackgum / Gomero negro

Scientific name

Nyssa sylvatica

Location

NE Blvd & NE 3rd St

Description

Blackgum is found across eastern North America in a variety of sites, both wet and dry, though it prefers moist lowlands. It is a popular species among beekeepers due to the high value of tupelo honey and bees’ affinity for the nectar. The fruits are palatable for wildlife, and are one of the most important food sources during fall songbird migration. As an ornamental, blackgum is an excellent pick. It is attractive year-round and supports a multitude of wildlife.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 150 to 500+ years

Height: Up to 30 feet cultivated; 30 to 60+ feet naturally

Bark: Gray to brown/black with a wrinkled texture sometimes compared to alligator skin; rectangular blocks created by deep furrows

Twig: Gray to brown in color

Foliage: Glossy dark green above with a paler green below; elliptic to obovate in shape with an abrupt point on the apex; sometimes pubescent along the veins on the underside; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Small greenish-white; male flowers are borne in dense heads, while female flowers are present in sparse clusters on long stalks.

Fruits: Small, dark blue ovular drupes (only on female plants)

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/nyssa-sylvatica/

• https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=nysy

• https://sminc-lake-elmo.org/36-black-gum/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a670#:~:text=A%20stately%20tree%20with%20a,the%20woods%20or%20forest%2Dloving.

Common name

Red maple / Arce rojo

Scientific name

Acer rubrum

Location

NE 8th Ave & NE Blvd

Description

Known for its rapid growth and cold hardiness, red maple is often one of the first trees to signal the arrival of spring with its vibrant red flowers and fruits. Native to eastern North America, ranging from Newfoundland to Florida and west to Texas, the red maple is one of the most widespread and adaptable trees in its range. It thrives in a variety of habitats, including upland deciduous forests, flatwoods, and swamps.

Native Americans utilized the tree as a source of medicine and food. By slowly boiling the sap, they would create a sweet syrup that is similar to, but not as sweet or plentiful as, sugar maple sap. Today, the wood is commercially important for pulpwood and is frequently used to manufacture furniture, baskets, and woodenware.

Ecologically, red maple is a vital resource for local wildlife. Its late-winter blooms provide an early nectar source for bees and other pollinators, while its seeds, buds, and sprouts are primary food sources for gray squirrels, songbirds, and white-tailed deer. Additionally, it serves as a larval host plant for several notable Lepidopteran species, including the imperial moth, cecropia silkmoth, polyphemus moth, and rosy maple moth.

In landscape settings, red maple is a highly valued street tree, prized for its brilliant fall foliage and large, shade-providing canopy.

Red maple is superficially similar to sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) in appearance. To distinguish the two, take note of the leaf arrangement. Red maple leaves are opposite from each other, while sweetgum leaves are arranged in an alternate pattern.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Up to 150 years

Height: 50 to 75 feet

Bark: Light gray with vertical ridges that grow deeper as the tree ages

Twig: Slender, gray/red, with red buds

Foliage: Bright green to dark green above and a paler green on the underside; palmately veined with 3 to 5 triangular toothed lobes; similar to the shape of a hand; composed simply and arranged oppositely on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Red or pink showy catkins that appear in the springtime just before the new leaves emerge

Fruits: Red or pink winged, paired samaras that emerge in small, drooping clusters; V-shaped and dispersed by wind

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/acer-rubrum/

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST041

• https://www.fnps.org/plant/acer-rubrum#gsc.tab=0

Common name

Black cherry / Cerezo negro

Scientific name

Prunus serotina

Location

Tom Petty Park - SW

Description

Native to eastern North America, Mexico, and Guatemala, black cherry is the largest of the native cherries and is recognized as a rapid-growing, deciduous tree. It is a popular, though sometimes messy, addition to urban landscapes as a shade or ornamental tree.

The historical and commercial value of black cherry is significant. Its hard, reddish-brown wood is highly prized by woodworkers for fine furniture, veneers, and cabinetry. Native Americans utilized the inner bark to treat colds, and even today, wild cherry cough syrups are produced from its fragrant, bitter inner bark. The small, bitter fruits have been used by pioneers to create jams, jellies, and a traditional Appalachian drink called "cherry bounce."

It serves as a larval host plant for numerous butterflies, including the eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus), viceroy (Limenitis archippus), and red-spotted purple (Limenitis arthemis astyanax). The summer-ripening fruits are a vital food source for songbirds, wild turkeys, and small mammals. It should be noted that the leaves and twigs contain hydrocyanic acid, which can be toxic to livestock if consumed in large quantities.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years

Height: 60 to 90 feet

Bark: Shiny gray/reddish-brown with prominent horizontal lenticels when young. With age, it turns darker and scaly, resembling burnt cornflakes.

Twig: thin and reddish-brown

Foliage: Glossy dark green above and paler underneath; oblong/ovate shape with serrated margins; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Showy white racemes that appear in late winter/early spring

Fruits: Tiny cherries that appear in drooping clusters; NOT EDIBLE

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-serotina/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/prunus/serotina.htm

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST516

Common name

Redbud / Arbol de Judas

Scientific name

Cercis canadensis

Location

Roper Park (South)

Description

Littered with tiny pink flowers in the springtime, the eastern redbud is an attractive component of yards and woodlands across eastern North America. Standing small under the canopy of other hardwoods, this tree grows best in well-drained soils but is found in a variety of sites, both mesic and xeric. Too little and crooked to be of any value for timber, most of its value comes from its use as an ornamental. 

Of immense ecological importance, the eastern redbud tree serves as a host plant for 12 native moth and butterfly species throughout its range. In addition, small mammals and birds sometimes utilize the seeds as a food source. Native Americans were known to use the bark to make a medicinal tea that treated fevers, whooping cough, and congestion.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 20 to 30 years

Height: 20 to 30 feet

Bark: Silvery dark brown with long narrow plates that sometimes reveal the orange tone of the inner bark

Twig: Slender, glabrous, dark brown to black

Foliage: Heart-shaped (cordate) and green in color; margins are entire; swollen base on the petiole before leaf plate (pulvini); composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Extravagant pink/red/purple pea-shaped flowers that form in early spring

Fruits: 2- to 4-inch brown seed pods (legumes); emerge in summer

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cercis-canadensis/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=h550

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/cercis/canadensis.htm

Common name

Coastal plains willow / Sauce de la llanura costera

Scientific name

Salix caroliniana

Location

NE 5th Ter & NE Blvd

Description

In its truest form, the crooked branches of the coastal plain willow begin low and steadily reach towards the sky from the surface of the water. While not always found in water, this tree requires consistently moist soils and does not tolerate drought. With an oddly sporadic distribution across the central and eastern U.S., the coastal plain willow provides food and cover for a variety of wildlife species. Its abundant yellow flowers attract pollinators, and multiple species of butterflies and moths utilize it as a larval host. 

The National Champion coastal plain willow is located within San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park.

Physical Characteristics

Height: Up to 20 feet

Bark: Dark gray with prominent vertical furrows

Twig: Dark gray/reddish-brown and scaly

Foliage: Long and slender in shape and green in color; undersides are whitish, and margins are serrated; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Semi-showy greenish-yellow drooping catkins

Fruits: Small green capsules; when opened, cottony fluff is attached to the tiny seeds to aid in wind dispersal

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/salix-caroliniana/

• https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/show-taxon-detail.php?taxonid=3576

• https://www.fnps.org/plant/salix-caroliniana#gsc.tab=0

Common name

Sycamore / Sicómoro

Scientific name

Platanus occidentalis

Location

NE 7th Ave & NE Blvd

Description

The conspicuous desert camo bark of the American sycamore never fails to make it stand out in the landscape. Native to all states east of the Great Plains (excluding Minnesota), the American sycamore is adaptable and is easily cultivated when given enough space and sunlight. It is found naturally in bottomlands, floodplains, and streamsides. Insects and leafhoppers utilize the tree as a host plant, and a variety of birds are particularly fond of the seeds.

The Florida Champion American sycamore is located at the Church of God by Faith in High Springs.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 50 to 200+ years

Height: Up to 180 feet

Bark: A distinctive smooth but patchy texture with a “desert camo” coloration

Twig: Stout and orangish-brown with a zig-zag form

Foliage: Large and broadly ovate with 3 to 5 lobes; green in color with pubescence on the underside and coarse toothing on the margin; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Small, inconspicuous, red (female) or green (male), and in clusters

Fruits: Fuzzy brown ball filled with fibrous seed-like fruits called achenes

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/platanus-occidentalis/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/platanus/occidentalis.htm

• https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/platanus/platanus-occidentalis/

Common name

Tulip poplar / Tulipero

Scientific name

Liriodendron tulipifera

Location

NE 9th Ave & NE blvd

Description

An attractive adornment of bottomlands, mesic forests, swamps, and cove forests, the tulip poplar is found across eastern North America. As one of the tallest native trees in North America, it can reach heights of over 150 feet in optimum conditions. It is an important timber species for furniture, veneer, and plywood where hardwood markets exist. Aside from its value as a timber species, tulip poplar is an excellent ornamental and is capable of making a statement in the landscape. Large white flowers bloom in late spring above the unique, cat-face-shaped leaves. 

Tulip poplar serves as a larval host for the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly (Papilio glaucus), the viceroy (Limenitis archippus), and the spicebush swallowtail (Papilio troilus), and it supports a variety of birds and small mammals as a nesting site and food source. Native Americans were known to use the tree to make dugout canoes and the inner bark for medicines. 

The Florida Champion tulip poplar is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 200 to 300+ years

Height: Up to 100+ feet

Bark: Grayish-brown with diamond-shaped ridges that become more prominent with age

Twig: The stipular scar that completely encircles the twig is a defining characteristic of the Magnolia family.

Foliage: Distinctively shaped leaves with 4 lobes that resemble a dinosaur’s foot or a cat’s face; glossy green above with a paler underside; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Spectacular yellow and orange flowers that stand upright in the upper crown of the tree

Fruits: Aggregates of dry and oblong samaras that appear in early fall

References & for more information

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a878

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/liriodendron-tulipifera/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/liriodendron/tulipifera.htm

Common name

Catalpa

Scientific name

Catalpa bignonioides

Location

NE Blvd & NE 8th Ave

Description

Distinguished by its large, heart-shaped leaves and summer-blooming white flowers, southern catalpa can be found throughout the Gulf States from Texas to Georgia and Florida. It naturally occurs along streams and rivers in rich, well-draining soils.

Catalpa has been heavily planted as an ornamental in the Eastern U.S. But even in its native range, it can easily escape cultivation and become a nuisance. This tree serves as a host species for two moths, the catalpa sphinx (Ceratomia catalpae) and the tersa sphinx (Xylophanes tersa), which are eaten by birds and bats.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 40 to 50+ years

Height: 30 to 60 feet

Bark: Dark gray and scaly with irregular shallow fissures

Twig: Very crooked branching 

Foliage: Large, heart-shaped (cordate), and pubescent below; entire margins; unpleasant odor when crushed; composed simply and arranged oppositely/whorled on the twig

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Showy, white and purple, and bell-shaped; individually small but arranged in clusters; emerge in summer

Fruits: Long narrow seed pods

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/catalpa-bignonioides/

• https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/factsheet/pdf/fs_cabi8.pdf

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b962

Common name

Cabbage palm / Palmera sabal

Scientific name

Sabal palmetto

Location

Thomas Center Gardens (W-NW lawn)

Description

Cabbage palm is native to Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas and is found in hammocks, coastal dunes, floodplain forests, and pinelands. It is the state tree of Florida and South Carolina despite not being a “true” tree. As a monocot, it does not produce wood or growth rings with age. This palm can persist in the forest understory for many years until there is an opening in the canopy that facilitates optimum sunlight conditions. 

Indigenous peoples of the southeastern U.S., most notably the Seminole tribe, utilized cabbage palm extensively. To them, it was the “tree of life.” They made their homes out of cabbage palm and used it for medicinal purposes, to make tools, and as a source of food. Cabbage palm is named for its edible terminal bud, which is referred to as heart-of-palm or “cabbage.”

The fragrant flowers attract many pollinators, and the small berries feed a variety of birds and mammals. Cabbage palm is the larval host of the Monk skipper butterfly and supports a multitude of others. Its wildlife value, salt tolerance, and wind resistance make this plant an excellent choice for use in yards and along streets.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years

Height: Up to 40+ feet

Stem: Can be seen bare and brown or with boots (old leaf bases) retained; boots are sometimes removed in landscape settings for a “cleaner” look; no true bark, as the species is a monocot

Foliage: Large, fan-shaped leaves on long stalks; the leaf stalk extends into the leaf blade (costapalmate), giving the leaf a curved appearance.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Flowers: Creamy white and fragrant; long and showy clusters that appear in the late spring/early summer

Fruits: Small bluish-black berry-like drupes

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/sabal-palmetto/

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST575

• https://www.flawildflowers.org/flower-friday-sabal-palmetto/

Common name

Dahoon holly / Acebo Dahoon

Scientific name

Ilex cassine

Location

Thomas Center Gardens (West)

Description

Dahoon holly is a small tree that naturally occurs in sites with moist, rich soils. Native to the Caribbean and southern North America, this tree is found in swamps and mesic forests. 

Dahoon holly is underutilized in the home landscape but is a great choice due to its urban tolerance and wildlife value. It will grow well in a myriad of site conditions, wet or dry, as long as extra attention is given to the positioning of the roots. It should be noted that this plant is dioecious, so both male and female plants are necessary for the production of berries. The berries appear on female trees in the fall and keep birds and small mammals fed throughout the winter. 

Physical Characteristics

Height: Up to 30 feet

Bark: Smooth with a splotchy light gray color; sometimes warty; often seen with scattered red and green lichens

Twig: Greenish-gray

Foliage: Glossy/leathery dark green above and paler underneath; oblanceolate or cuneate in shape; entire margins with one or more teeth at the apex; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Flowers: Inconspicuous yellowish-white flowers that emerge in the spring

Fruits: Bright red/orange berry-like drupes

References & for more information

• https://www.flawildflowers.org/flower-friday-ilex-cassine/#:~:text=Family:%20Aquifoliaceae%20(Holly%20family),suitability:%20North%2C%20Central%2C%20South

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ilex-cassine/

Common name

White ash / Fresno blanco

Scientific name

Fraxinus americana

Location

Roper Park (NW)

Description

Distinguished by its opposite, compound leaves and anastomosing bark, white ash can be found throughout Eastern North America and Mexico. Once a popular tree for urban spaces, planting this tree is no longer recommended throughout much of its range due to its high susceptibility to the emerald ash borer, an exotic beetle. Luckily, the emerald ash borer has not yet been detected in Florida, so for now, our ash trees are safe. White ash is less susceptible to damage from the emerald ash borer than green ash. Early prevention is key when managing invasive species. Read more about the emerald ash borer and preventative actions at https://www.emeraldashborer.info/.

White ash occurs naturally in floodplains, mesic forests, and stream slopes. It serves as a host plant for the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly (Papilio glaucus) and supports a variety of birds and small mammals as a food source. Native Americans across white ash’s range utilized all parts of the plant for a wide variety of purposes. The hard, strong wood is especially suitable for use in furniture, tool handles, oars, and wood floors. The Louisville Slugger baseball bat is made from white ash wood.

Green ash and white ash are very closely related, and it can be a challenge to differentiate the two. The main differentiating factor between the two species is the shape of the leaf scar. The leaf scar is what is left behind on the twig at the place the leaf was connected to it. The leaves are compound on ash trees, meaning that a single leaf is composed of many leaflets. When the full leaf and petiole are removed from the twig, the leaf scar and bud are visible. On green ash, the bud is situated on top of the leaf scar, making the leaf scar appear to be in the shape of a shield. On white ash, the bud sits within the leaf scar, giving the leaf scar a crescent shape.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100 to 150+ years

Height: 60 to 90 feet

Bark: Light gray to grayish-brown in color; braided/diamond-like pattern of ridges (anastomosing) 

Twig: Gray and stout; buds sit within the leaf scars, resulting in a crescent shape

Foliage: Arrangement is opposite and composition is compound with 5 to 9 leaflets per leaf; leaflets are serrated/entire, ovate/elliptical/lanceolate in shape, and dark green above with a pale light pubescence underneath.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Clusters of purplish flowers (both male & female)

Fruits: Large drooping clusters of single-winged green/tan samaras

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-americana/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a867

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/fraxinus/americana.htm

Common name

Green ash / Fresno verde

Scientific name

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Location

NE Blvd & NE 5th Ter

Description

Distinguished by its opposite, compound leaves and anastomosing bark, green ash can be found across Central and Eastern North America. Once a popular tree for urban spaces, planting this tree is no longer recommended throughout much of its range due to its high susceptibility to the emerald ash borer, an exotic beetle. Luckily, the emerald ash borer has not yet been detected in Florida, so for now, our ash trees are safe. Early prevention is key when managing invasive species. Read more about the emerald ash borer and preventative actions at https://www.emeraldashborer.info/.

Green ash occurs naturally in the ridges of floodplains, mesic forests, and along rivers and streams. It serves as a host plant for the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly (Papilio glaucus) and supports a variety of birds and small mammals as a food source. Native Americans across green ash’s range utilized all parts of the plant for a wide variety of purposes. The wood of the green ash is quite strong, but the white ash is stronger

Green ash and white ash are very closely related, and it can be a challenge to differentiate the two. The main differentiating factor between the two species is the shape of the leaf scar. The leaf scar is what is left behind on the twig at the place the leaf was connected to it. The leaves are compound on ash trees, meaning that a single leaf is composed of many leaflets. When the full leaf and petiole are removed from the twig, the leaf scar and bud are visible. On green ash, the bud is situated on top of the leaf scar, making the leaf scar appear to be in the shape of a shield. On white ash, the bud sits within the leaf scar, giving the leaf scar a crescent shape.

The Florida Champion green ash is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100 to 120+ years

Height: 50 to 70 feet

Bark: Dark gray to grayish-brown in color; braided/diamond-like pattern of ridges (anastomosing) 

Twig: Gray and stout; buds sit on top of the leaf scars, resulting in a shield-like shape.

Foliage: Arrangement is opposite and composition is compound with 7 leaflets per leaf; leaflets are serrated/entire, ovate/elliptical/lanceolate in shape, and dark green above with a pale light pubescence underneath.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Clusters of purplish flowers (both male & female)

Fruits: Large drooping clusters of single-winged green/tan samaras

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-pennsylvanica/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfinderdetails.aspx?kempercode=a868

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST266

Common name

Sugarberry / Almez

Scientific name

Celtis laevigata

Location

NE 4th Ave & NE 4th St

Description

Sugarberry is a large deciduous tree that is native to the Lower Mississippi River valley and southeastern coastal plain from Texas to Virginia. It prefers moist to wet soils and is present in habitats such as alluvial forests, hydric hammocks, and slough margins.

This tree is of high importance to a variety of wildlife. During the fall and winter, the berries are a turkey's preferred source of food. Grouse, waterfowl, and pheasants also browse on the berries. Multiple species of butterflies utilize sugarberry as a host plant.

Native Americans across the range of the sugarberry utilized the tree for medicine, construction, tools, and food. Today, this tree is commonly grown as an ornamental for its urban site tolerance, round, shade-providing crown, and immense wildlife value. The unique warty bark and yellow leaves in the fall keep this species attractive year-round.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100 to 150+ years

Height: 50 to 80 feet

Bark: Grayish-brown/silvery and smooth with warty projections

Twig: Thin green/brown

Foliage: Light green above and paler underneath; lanceolate/ovate/obovate in shape; margins are mostly smooth with some serrations; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Inconspicuous greenish flowers; solitary (female) and/or in clusters (male)

Fruits: Tiny drupes with an edible flesh that mature to a dark purple color and ripen in late summer/early fall 

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/celtis-laevigata/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287403&isprofile=1&basic=celtis%20laevigata

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST138

• https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/cellae/all.html

Common name

Pecan / Pacana

Scientific name

Carya illinoinensis

Location

NE 6th Ave & NE Blvd

Description

While not native to Florida, pecan is a gorgeous and fruitful tree that has been cultivated in northern parts of the state for centuries. Pecan naturally occupies the southern Mississippi River Valley and northern Mexico but is grown all over the world. Pecan is an excellent tree for the landscape when given enough space. Not only is it attractive, but it is long-lived and can provide an abundance of sweet nuts each year after it reaches maturity. Understandably, the nuts are also eaten by a number of small mammals, birds, and insects. The luna moth (Actias luna) is a notable symbiont of the pecan tree, relying on its leaves as a food source.

Besides its value as a producer of a commercial nut, pecan is becoming increasingly popular for the use of its wood in furniture, cabinetry, and veneer. 

The Florida Champion pecan is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 200+ years

Height: 75 to 100+ feet

Bark: Grayish-brown bark with furrows that deepen with age

Twig: Grayish-brown with raised lenticels and a pubescent bud

Foliage: Arrangement is alternate, and composition is compound with 9 to 17 leaflets per leaf; leaflets are serrated, lanceolate in shape, and medium green in color.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Drooping, green catkins (male) and inconspicuous green spikes (female) that emerge in the spring.

Fruits: Sweet edible nut enclosed in a hard brown husk; ripens in the fall

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/carya-illinoinensis/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a852

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/carya/illinoesis.htm

Common name

Crepe myrtle / Crespón

Scientific name

Lagerstroemia indica

Location

NE 5th Ave & (West of) NE blvd

Description

Crape myrtle is a popular ornamental tree that is native to the Himalayas and Eastern Asia but naturalized in the Southeastern U.S. This tree yields extravagant and colorful blooms in the summer, is long-lived, and is tolerant of urban conditions.

While crape myrtles do not harm the environment in Florida, they are not nearly as ecologically valuable as the native species of our state are. Consider choosing a Florida native alternative when landscape planting. 

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 25+ years

Height: 6 to 50 feet

Bark: Thin, smooth, and peeling; gray to brown in color 

Twig: Squarish and green/brown

Foliage: Glossy and green with entire margins; elliptical/oblong/obovate in shape; composed simply and arranged alternately, oppositely, and/or whorled on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Numerous and in clusters scattered throughout the tree; small, but showy; color can range from purple to red to white, depending on variety

Fruits: Small brown capsules that open to release seeds

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lagerstroemia-indica/

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/plantfinderdetails.aspx?taxonid=282496

• https://plants.usda.gov/plant-profile/lain

Common name

Camphor / Alcanforero

Scientific name

Cinnamomum camphora

Location

NE 4th Ave & (East of) NE 5th St

Description

Native to Eastern Asia, camphor tree is a large, evergreen tree that is cultivated for the production of timber and camphor oil. A distinct and strong camphor fragrance can be smelled when the leaves are crushed.  

For the purposes of ornamental use and plantation establishment, camphor tree was brought to Florida in 1875. It is now considered a Category I Invasive throughout the North and Central regions of the state. It is not recommended to plant camphor as it can out-compete native species and take over ecosystems.

Physical Characteristics

Life span: Up to 150 years; Can be much older in native range

Height: 40 to 50 feet

Bark: Smooth and brown/green when young becoming more ridged with age

Twig: Brown and green when young turning a reddish-brown with age

Foliage: Shiny green above with a glaucous (powdery) underside; elliptical/obovate/ovate in shape with entire margins; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig; strong camphor smell when crushed

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Flowers: Tiny yellowish-white flowers borne in panicles

Fruits: Small dark blue/black drupes

References & for more information

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST167

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cinnamomum-camphora/

• https://plant-directory.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-directory/cinnamomum-camphora/

Common name

Basswood / Tilo americano

Scientific name

Tilia americana

Location

NE 6th st & NE 5th Ave

Description

American basswood is found across the Eastern U.S. in mesic sites dominated by pines and other hardwoods. It is an important timber species in mountainous regions where it grows well and is valued for its soft, light wood. It attracts fireflies and supports multiple butterfly species during their life cycles. The seeds are palatable for wildlife, and the blooms that take place in late spring are deliciously fragrant. While this species makes a beautiful ornamental, it is not tolerant of extreme urban conditions.

Native American use of American basswood is abundant. A full list of uses can be viewed at: http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=Tilia+americana

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: Up to 200 years

Height: 60 to 80 feet

Bark: Smooth and gray with vertical narrow ridges

Twig: Light green and pubescent when young; gray colored when older

Foliage: Dark green and serrated with an ovate/cordate shape; matte gray and pubescent on the underside when young; the leaf base is asymmetrical and unequal; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Fragrant and showy drooping clusters of yellow flowers

Fruits: Pea-sized nutlet; cream-colored and hard

References & for more information

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a917

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/tilia-americana/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/tilia/americana.htm

Common name

River birch / Abedul negro del Rio

Scientific name

Betula nigra

Location

NE 10th Ave & NE Blvd

Description

As the only birch that exists and thrives in the southeastern coastal plain, river birch truly makes a statement with its beauty. It is found from the middle of New England to eastern Minnesota and down to the southeastern states. Although tolerant of dry conditions, river birch excels on wet or semi-aquatic sites that allow it to keep consistently moist soils around its roots. River birch is great for urban use due to its wind tolerance and year-round attractiveness. Despite this, it is not recommended to be planted directly next to a home, as it naturally drops many twigs that are practically begging to clog gutters.

The wildlife value of this species is immense; a few butterfly species use it as a host plant, while the seeds, catkins, and twigs keep a variety of birds and mammals fed throughout the year. 

Native Americans used river birch bark to treat gastrointestinal ailments, urinary issues, and colds.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 50 to 75+ years

Height: Up to 70 feet

Bark: Salmon/light brown and smooth when young; paper-like shreds exfoliate from the bark with age.

Twig: Grayish-brown; new shoots pubescent

Foliage: Dark green and rough with doubly serrate margins; deltoid or ovate in shape; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig

Leaf persistence: Deciduous

Flowers: Small light green cylindrical catkins (female); slightly larger drooping brownish catkins (male)

Fruits: Cone-like small nutlet

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/betula-nigra/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/betula/nigra.htm

• https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=x800

Common name

American holly / Acebo americano

Scientific name

Ilex opaca

Location

1200 NE 4th St

Description

Characterized by its bright-red berries and spiny leaves, the American holly is a tree that has been long admired. Indigenous tribes of the Southeastern U.S., like the Choctaw and the Cherokee, utilized the berries, leaves, and bark for medicinal use and the wood for cooking tools and decorations. When the Pilgrims arrived in 1620, American holly was immediately recognized as a relative of Europe’s beloved English holly (Ilex aquifolium). As a continuation of traditions from their homeland, settlers used American holly as a Christmas decoration and as an ornamental planting in yards. This tree is still utilized today for both purposes.

American holly is native to the Eastern U.S., and its range extends from Massachusetts down into central Florida and west to eastern Texas. It naturally occurs in sites that do not experience frequent burning, like swamps, bottomlands, and mixed hardwood forests. The tree serves as a host plant for Henry's elfin butterfly (Callophrys henrici), and the berries are an excellent food source for wildlife.

The Florida Champion American holly is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 100+ years

Height: Up to 60 feet

Bark: Smooth with a splotchy light gray color; sometimes warty; often seen with scattered red and green lichens

Twig: Greenish-gray

Foliage: Glossy/leathery dark green above and paler underneath; elliptic or oblong in shape; entire margins with evenly spaced spines; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Flowers: Greenish-white flowers that appear in late spring/early summer

Fruits: Bright red/orange berry-like drupes

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ilex-opaca/

• https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/ilex/opaca.htm

• http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=ilex+opaca

Common name

Carolina cherry laurel / Laurel cerezo de Carolina

Scientific name

Prunus caroliniana

Location

NE 7th St & NE 3rd Ave

Description

Carolina cherry laurel is native to the Southern U.S. and is typically seen as a woody shrub or small tree. It naturally occurs in sandy hammocks and coastal forests but is cultivated extensively throughout its native range. 

This plant is an evergreen, is incredibly tolerant to disturbance, and is able to grow rapidly in an urban setting maintained as a hedge or left to grow to full size. When new leaves are crushed, a delightful maraschino cherry fragrance is released. The small cherries that appear in the fall are highly prized by birds and wildlife but are not edible to humans and can cause serious problems if ingested. Carolina cherry laurel is a larval host plant for the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly (Papilio glaucus) but supports a variety of other butterfly species as well.

The Florida Champion Carolina cherry laurel is located on private land in Alachua County.

Physical Characteristics

Lifespan: 50+ years

Height: Up to 40 feet

Bark: Smooth gray/reddish-brown with scattered horizontal lenticels when young; turns darker and splits with age

Twig: Thin and reddish-brown

Foliage: Glossy dark green above and paler underneath; oblong/elliptic shape with serrated (sometimes entire) margins; composed simply and arranged alternately on the twig; maraschino cherry scent when crushed.

Leaf persistence: Evergreen

Flowers: Small and fragrant white racemes that appear in late winter/early spring

Fruits: Tiny cherries that appear in drooping clusters; NOT EDIBLE

References & for more information

• https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-caroliniana/

• https://ask.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ST505

• https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/show-taxon-detail.php?taxonid=3166